malloc: Add tcache path for calloc

This commit add tcache support in calloc() which can largely improve
the performance of small size allocation, especially in multi-thread
scenario. tcache_available() and tcache_try_malloc() are split out as
a helper function for better reusing the code.

Also fix tst-safe-linking failure after enabling tcache. In previous,
calloc() is used as a way to by-pass tcache in memory allocation and
trigger safe-linking check in fastbins path. With tcache enabled, it
needs extra workarounds to bypass tcache.

Result of bench-calloc-thread benchmark

Test Platform: Xeon-8380
Ratio: New / Original time_per_iteration (Lower is Better)

Threads#   | Ratio
-----------|------
1 thread   | 0.656
4 threads  | 0.470
Reviewed-by: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>

malloc/malloc.c

@@ -3208,6 +3208,18 @@ tcache_next (tcache_entry *e)
   return (tcache_entry *) REVEAL_PTR (e->next);
 }
 
+/* Check if tcache is available for alloc by corresponding tc_idx.  */
+static __always_inline bool
+tcache_available (size_t tc_idx)
+{
+  if (tc_idx < mp_.tcache_bins
+      && tcache != NULL
+      && tcache->counts[tc_idx] > 0)
+    return true;
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
 /* Verify if the suspicious tcache_entry is double free.
    It's not expected to execute very often, mark it as noinline.  */
 static __attribute__ ((noinline)) void
@@ -3330,6 +3342,32 @@ tcache_init(void)
   if (__glibc_unlikely (tcache == NULL)) \
     tcache_init();
 
+/* Trying to alloc BYTES from tcache. If tcache is available, chunk
+   is allocated and stored to MEMPTR, otherwise, MEMPTR is NULL.
+   It returns true if error occurs, else false. */
+static __always_inline bool
+tcache_try_malloc (size_t bytes, void **memptr)
+{
+  /* int_free also calls request2size, be careful to not pad twice.  */
+  size_t tbytes = checked_request2size (bytes);
+  if (tbytes == 0)
+    {
+      __set_errno (ENOMEM);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  size_t tc_idx = csize2tidx (tbytes);
+
+  MAYBE_INIT_TCACHE ();
+
+  if (tcache_available (tc_idx))
+    *memptr = tcache_get (tc_idx);
+  else
+    *memptr = NULL;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 #else  /* !USE_TCACHE */
 # define MAYBE_INIT_TCACHE()
 
@@ -3354,26 +3392,13 @@ __libc_malloc (size_t bytes)
   if (!__malloc_initialized)
     ptmalloc_init ();
 #if USE_TCACHE
-  /* int_free also calls request2size, be careful to not pad twice.  */
-  size_t tbytes = checked_request2size (bytes);
-  if (tbytes == 0)
-    {
-      __set_errno (ENOMEM);
+  bool err = tcache_try_malloc (bytes, &victim);
+
+  if (err)
       return NULL;
-    }
-  size_t tc_idx = csize2tidx (tbytes);
 
-  MAYBE_INIT_TCACHE ();
-
-  DIAG_PUSH_NEEDS_COMMENT;
-  if (tc_idx < mp_.tcache_bins
-      && tcache != NULL
-      && tcache->counts[tc_idx] > 0)
-    {
-      victim = tcache_get (tc_idx);
+  if (victim)
       return tag_new_usable (victim);
-    }
-  DIAG_POP_NEEDS_COMMENT;
 #endif
 
   if (SINGLE_THREAD_P)
@@ -3667,9 +3692,7 @@ _mid_memalign (size_t alignment, size_t bytes, void *address)
       }
     size_t tc_idx = csize2tidx (tbytes);
 
-    if (tc_idx < mp_.tcache_bins
-	&& tcache != NULL
-	&& tcache->counts[tc_idx] > 0)
+    if (tcache_available (tc_idx))
       {
 	/* The tcache itself isn't encoded, but the chain is.  */
 	tcache_entry **tep = & tcache->entries[tc_idx];
@@ -3751,8 +3774,8 @@ void *
 __libc_calloc (size_t n, size_t elem_size)
 {
   mstate av;
-  mchunkptr oldtop;
-  INTERNAL_SIZE_T sz, oldtopsize;
+  mchunkptr oldtop, p;
+  INTERNAL_SIZE_T sz, oldtopsize, csz;
   void *mem;
   unsigned long clearsize;
   ptrdiff_t bytes;
@@ -3768,7 +3791,23 @@ __libc_calloc (size_t n, size_t elem_size)
   if (!__malloc_initialized)
     ptmalloc_init ();
 
-  MAYBE_INIT_TCACHE ();
+#if USE_TCACHE
+  bool err = tcache_try_malloc (bytes, &mem);
+
+  if (err)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (mem)
+    {
+      p = mem2chunk (mem);
+      if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled))
+	return tag_new_zero_region (mem, memsize (p));
+
+      csz = chunksize (p);
+      clearsize = csz - SIZE_SZ;
+      return clear_memory ((INTERNAL_SIZE_T *) mem, clearsize);
+    }
+#endif
 
   if (SINGLE_THREAD_P)
     av = &main_arena;
@@ -3824,7 +3863,7 @@ __libc_calloc (size_t n, size_t elem_size)
   if (mem == NULL)
     return NULL;
 
-  mchunkptr p = mem2chunk (mem);
+  p = mem2chunk (mem);
 
   /* If we are using memory tagging, then we need to set the tags
      regardless of MORECORE_CLEARS, so we zero the whole block while
@@ -3832,7 +3871,7 @@ __libc_calloc (size_t n, size_t elem_size)
   if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled))
     return tag_new_zero_region (mem, memsize (p));
 
-  INTERNAL_SIZE_T csz = chunksize (p);
+  csz = chunksize (p);
 
   /* Two optional cases in which clearing not necessary */
   if (chunk_is_mmapped (p))

malloc/tst-safe-linking.c

@@ -111,22 +111,37 @@ test_fastbin (void *closure)
   int i;
   int mask = ((int *)closure)[0];
   size_t size = TCACHE_ALLOC_SIZE;
+  void * ps[TCACHE_FILL_COUNT];
+  void * pps[TCACHE_FILL_COUNT];
 
   printf ("++ fastbin ++\n");
 
-  /* Take the tcache out of the game.  */
-  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
-    {
-      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
-      printf ("p=%p\n", p);
-      free (p);
-    }
-
   /* Populate the fastbin list.  */
   void * volatile a = calloc (1, size);
   void * volatile b = calloc (1, size);
   void * volatile c = calloc (1, size);
   printf ("a=%p, b=%p, c=%p\n", a, b, c);
+
+  /* Chunks for later tcache filling from fastbins.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
+      pps[i] = p;
+    }
+
+  /* Take the tcache out of the game.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
+      ps[i] = p;
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      free (ps[i]);
+    }
+
+  /* Free abc will return to fastbin in FIFO order.  */
   free (a);
   free (b);
   free (c);
@@ -136,11 +151,43 @@ test_fastbin (void *closure)
   memset (c, mask & 0xFF, size);
   printf ("After: c=%p, c[0]=%p\n", c, ((void **)c)[0]);
 
+  /* Filling fastbins, will be copied to tcache later.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      free (pps[i]);
+    }
+
+  /* Drain out tcache to make sure later alloc from fastbins.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
+      ps[i] = p;
+    }
+
+  /* This line will also filling tcache with remain pps and c.  */
+  pps[TCACHE_FILL_COUNT - 1] = calloc (1, size);
+
+  /* Tcache is FILO, now the first one is c, take it out.  */
   c = calloc (1, size);
   printf ("Allocated: c=%p\n", c);
+
+  /* Drain out remain pps from tcache.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT - 1; ++i)
+    {
+      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
+      pps[i] = p;
+    }
+
   /* This line will trigger the Safe-Linking check.  */
   b = calloc (1, size);
   printf ("b=%p\n", b);
+
+  /* Free previous pointers. */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      free (ps[i]);
+      free (pps[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 /* Try corrupting the fastbin list and trigger a consolidate.  */
@@ -150,21 +197,29 @@ test_fastbin_consolidate (void *closure)
   int i;
   int mask = ((int*)closure)[0];
   size_t size = TCACHE_ALLOC_SIZE;
+  void * ps[TCACHE_FILL_COUNT];
 
   printf ("++ fastbin consolidate ++\n");
 
-  /* Take the tcache out of the game.  */
-  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
-    {
-      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
-      free (p);
-    }
-
   /* Populate the fastbin list.  */
   void * volatile a = calloc (1, size);
   void * volatile b = calloc (1, size);
   void * volatile c = calloc (1, size);
   printf ("a=%p, b=%p, c=%p\n", a, b, c);
+
+  /* Take the tcache out of the game.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      void * volatile p = calloc (1, size);
+      ps[i] = p;
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < TCACHE_FILL_COUNT; ++i)
+    {
+      free (ps[i]);
+    }
+
+  /* Free abc will return to fastbin.  */
   free (a);
   free (b);
   free (c);