- ftrace: don't assume stack frames are contiguous in memory
- remove unused mod_inwind_map structure
- spelling fixes
- allow use of LD dead code/data elimination
- fix callchain_trace() return value
- add support for stackleak gcc plugin
- correct some reset asm function prototypes for CFI
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rmk/linux
Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
- ftrace: don't assume stack frames are contiguous in memory
- remove unused mod_inwind_map structure
- spelling fixes
- allow use of LD dead code/data elimination
- fix callchain_trace() return value
- add support for stackleak gcc plugin
- correct some reset asm function prototypes for CFI
[ Missed the merge window because Russell forgot to push out ]
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rmk/linux:
ARM: 9408/1: mm: CFI: Fix some erroneous reset prototypes
ARM: 9407/1: Add support for STACKLEAK gcc plugin
ARM: 9406/1: Fix callchain_trace() return value
ARM: 9404/1: arm32: enable HAVE_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION
ARM: 9403/1: Alpine: Spelling s/initialiing/initializing/
ARM: 9402/1: Kconfig: Spelling s/Cortex A-/Cortex-A/
ARM: 9400/1: Remove unused struct 'mod_unwind_map'
* Support for NUMA (via SRAT and SLIT), console output (via SPCR), and
cache info (via PPTT) on ACPI-based systems.
* The trap entry/exit code no longer breaks the return address stack
predictor on many systems, which results in an improvement to trap
latency.
* Support for HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK.
* The sv39 linear map has been extended to support 128GiB mappings.
* The frequency of the mtime CSR is now visible via hwprobe.
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Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-6.11-mw2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
Pull more RISC-V updates from Palmer Dabbelt:
- Support for NUMA (via SRAT and SLIT), console output (via SPCR), and
cache info (via PPTT) on ACPI-based systems.
- The trap entry/exit code no longer breaks the return address stack
predictor on many systems, which results in an improvement to trap
latency.
- Support for HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK.
- The sv39 linear map has been extended to support 128GiB mappings.
- The frequency of the mtime CSR is now visible via hwprobe.
* tag 'riscv-for-linus-6.11-mw2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: (21 commits)
RISC-V: Provide the frequency of time CSR via hwprobe
riscv: Extend sv39 linear mapping max size to 128G
riscv: enable HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK
riscv: signal: Remove unlikely() from WARN_ON() condition
riscv: Improve exception and system call latency
RISC-V: Select ACPI PPTT drivers
riscv: cacheinfo: initialize cacheinfo's level and type from ACPI PPTT
riscv: cacheinfo: remove the useless input parameter (node) of ci_leaf_init()
RISC-V: ACPI: Enable SPCR table for console output on RISC-V
riscv: boot: remove duplicated targets line
trace: riscv: Remove deprecated kprobe on ftrace support
riscv: cpufeature: Extract common elements from extension checking
riscv: Introduce vendor variants of extension helpers
riscv: Add vendor extensions to /proc/cpuinfo
riscv: Extend cpufeature.c to detect vendor extensions
RISC-V: run savedefconfig for defconfig
RISC-V: hwprobe: sort EXT_KEY()s in hwprobe_isa_ext0() alphabetically
ACPI: NUMA: replace pr_info with pr_debug in arch_acpi_numa_init
ACPI: NUMA: change the ACPI_NUMA to a hidden option
ACPI: NUMA: Add handler for SRAT RINTC affinity structure
...
Add support for the stackleak feature. Whenever the kernel returns to user
space the kernel stack is filled with a poison value.
At the same time, disables the plugin in EFI stub code because EFI stub
is out of scope for the protection.
Tested on qemu and milkv duo:
/ # echo STACKLEAK_ERASING > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT
[ 38.675575] lkdtm: Performing direct entry STACKLEAK_ERASING
[ 38.678448] lkdtm: stackleak stack usage:
[ 38.678448] high offset: 288 bytes
[ 38.678448] current: 496 bytes
[ 38.678448] lowest: 1328 bytes
[ 38.678448] tracked: 1328 bytes
[ 38.678448] untracked: 448 bytes
[ 38.678448] poisoned: 14312 bytes
[ 38.678448] low offset: 8 bytes
[ 38.689887] lkdtm: OK: the rest of the thread stack is properly erased
Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Charlie Jenkins <charlie@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240623235316.2010-1-jszhang@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
- Wipe screen_info after allocating it from the heap - used by arm32 and
EFI zboot, other EFI architectures allocate it statically
- Revert to allocating boot_params from the heap on x86 when entering
via the native PE entrypoint, to work around a regression on older
Dell hardware
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Merge tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.11-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI fixes from Ard Biesheuvel:
- Wipe screen_info after allocating it from the heap - used by arm32
and EFI zboot, other EFI architectures allocate it statically
- Revert to allocating boot_params from the heap on x86 when entering
via the native PE entrypoint, to work around a regression on older
Dell hardware
* tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.11-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
x86/efistub: Revert to heap allocated boot_params for PE entrypoint
efi/libstub: Zero initialize heap allocated struct screen_info
1, Define __ARCH_WANT_NEW_STAT in unistd.h;
2, Always enumerate MADT and setup logical-physical CPU mapping;
3, Add irq_work support via self IPIs;
4, Add RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET support;
5, Add ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP support;
6, Add ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE support;
7, Add writecombine support for DMW-based ioremap();
8, Add architectural preparation for CPUFreq;
9, Add ACPI standard hardware register based S3 support;
10, Add support for relocating the kernel with RELR relocation;
11, Some bug fixes and other small changes.
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Merge tag 'loongarch-6.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson
Pull LoongArch updates from Huacai Chen:
- Define __ARCH_WANT_NEW_STAT in unistd.h
- Always enumerate MADT and setup logical-physical CPU mapping
- Add irq_work support via self IPIs
- Add RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET support
- Add ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP support
- Add ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE support
- Add writecombine support for DMW-based ioremap()
- Add architectural preparation for CPUFreq
- Add ACPI standard hardware register based S3 support
- Add support for relocating the kernel with RELR relocation
- Some bug fixes and other small changes
* tag 'loongarch-6.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson:
LoongArch: Make the users of larch_insn_gen_break() constant
LoongArch: Check TIF_LOAD_WATCH to enable user space watchpoint
LoongArch: Use rustc option -Zdirect-access-external-data
LoongArch: Add support for relocating the kernel with RELR relocation
LoongArch: Remove a redundant checking in relocator
LoongArch: Use correct API to map cmdline in relocate_kernel()
LoongArch: Automatically disable KASLR for hibernation
LoongArch: Add ACPI standard hardware register based S3 support
LoongArch: Add architectural preparation for CPUFreq
LoongArch: Add writecombine support for DMW-based ioremap()
LoongArch: Add ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE support
LoongArch: Add ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP support
LoongArch: Add RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET support
LoongArch: Add irq_work support via self IPIs
LoongArch: Always enumerate MADT and setup logical-physical CPU mapping
LoongArch: Define __ARCH_WANT_NEW_STAT in unistd.h
Currently, only TLB-based ioremap() support writecombine, so add the
counterpart for DMW-based ioremap() with help of DMW2. The base address
(WRITECOMBINE_BASE) is configured as 0xa000000000000000.
DMW3 is unused by kernel now, however firmware may leave garbage in them
and interfere kernel's address mapping. So clear it as necessary.
BTW, centralize the DMW configuration to macro SETUP_DMWINS.
Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
This is a partial revert of commit
8117961d98f ("x86/efi: Disregard setup header of loaded image")
which triggers boot issues on older Dell laptops. As it turns out,
switching back to a heap allocation for the struct boot_params
constructed by the EFI stub works around this, even though it is unclear
why.
Cc: Christian Heusel <christian@heusel.eu>
Reported-by: <mavrix#kernel@simplelogin.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
After calling uefi interface allocate_pool to apply for memory, we
should clear 0 to prevent the possibility of using random values.
Signed-off-by: Qiang Ma <maqianga@uniontech.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.6+
Fixes: 732ea9db9d ("efi: libstub: Move screen_info handling to common code")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
As it turns out, clearing the BSS was not the right fix for the issue
that was ultimately fixed by commit decd347c2a ("x86/efistub:
Reinstate soft limit for initrd loading"), and given that the Windows
EFI loader becomes very unhappy when entered with garbage in BSS, this
is one thing that x86 PC EFI implementations can be expected to get
right.
So drop it from the pure PE entrypoint. The handover protocol entrypoint
still needs this - it is used by the flaky distro bootloaders that
barely implement PE/COFF at all.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The fail label is only used in a situation where the previous EFI API
call succeeded, and so status will be set to EFI_SUCCESS. Fix this, by
dropping the goto entirely, and call efi_exit() with the correct error
code.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
0c18184de9 ("platform/x86: apple-gmux: support MMIO gmux on T2 Macs")
brought support for T2 Macs in apple-gmux. But in order to use dual GPU,
the integrated GPU has to be enabled. On such dual GPU EFI Macs, the EFI
stub needs to report that it is booting macOS in order to prevent the
firmware from disabling the iGPU.
This patch is also applicable for some non T2 Intel Macs.
Based on this patch for GRUB by Andreas Heider <andreas@heider.io>:
https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2013-12/msg00442.html
Credits also goto Kerem Karabay <kekrby@gmail.com> for helping porting
the patch to the Linux kernel.
Cc: Orlando Chamberlain <orlandoch.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Aditya Garg <gargaditya08@live.com>
[ardb: limit scope using list of DMI matches provided by Lukas and Orlando]
Reviewed-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Tested-by: Aditya Garg <gargaditya08@live.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The smbios.c source file is not currently included in the x86 build, and
before we can do so, it needs some tweaks to build correctly in
combination with the EFI mixed mode support.
Reviewed-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add the STACKLEAK gcc plugin to arm32 by adding the helper used by
stackleak common code: on_thread_stack(). It initialize the stack with the
poison value before returning from system calls which improves the kernel
security. Additionally, this disables the plugin in EFI stub code and
decompress code, which are out of scope for the protection.
Before the test on Qemu versatilepb board:
# echo STACKLEAK_ERASING > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT
lkdtm: Performing direct entry STACKLEAK_ERASING
lkdtm: XFAIL: stackleak is not supported on this arch (HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK=n)
After:
# echo STACKLEAK_ERASING > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT
lkdtm: Performing direct entry STACKLEAK_ERASING
lkdtm: stackleak stack usage:
high offset: 80 bytes
current: 280 bytes
lowest: 696 bytes
tracked: 696 bytes
untracked: 192 bytes
poisoned: 7220 bytes
low offset: 4 bytes
lkdtm: OK: the rest of the thread stack is properly erased
Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Update the efi_get_smbios_string() macro to take a pointer to the entire
record struct rather than the header. This removes the need to pass the
type explicitly, as it can be inferred from the typed pointer. Also,
drop 'type' from the prototype of __efi_get_smbios_string(), as it is
never referenced.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Between kexec and confidential VM support, handling the EFI memory maps
correctly on x86 is already proving to be rather difficult (as opposed
to other EFI architectures which manage to never modify the EFI memory
map to begin with)
EFI fake memory map support is essentially a development hack (for
testing new support for the 'special purpose' and 'more reliable' EFI
memory attributes) that leaked into production code. The regions marked
in this manner are not actually recognized as such by the firmware
itself or the EFI stub (and never have), and marking memory as 'more
reliable' seems rather futile if the underlying memory is just ordinary
RAM.
Marking memory as 'special purpose' in this way is also dubious, but may
be in use in production code nonetheless. However, the same should be
achievable by using the memmap= command line option with the ! operator.
EFI fake memmap support is not enabled by any of the major distros
(Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Ubuntu) and does not exist on other
architectures, so let's drop support for it.
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The current arm32 architecture does not yet support the
HAVE_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION feature. arm32 is widely used in
embedded scenarios, and enabling this feature would be beneficial for
reducing the size of the kernel image.
In order to make this work, we keep the necessary tables by annotating
them with KEEP, also it requires further changes to linker script to KEEP
some tables and wildcard compiler generated sections into the right place.
When using ld.lld for linking, KEEP is not recognized within the OVERLAY
command, and Ard proposed a concise method to solve this problem.
It boots normally with defconfig, vexpress_defconfig and tinyconfig.
The size comparison of zImage is as follows:
defconfig vexpress_defconfig tinyconfig
5137712 5138024 424192 no dce
5032560 4997824 298384 dce
2.0% 2.7% 29.7% shrink
When using smaller config file, there is a significant reduction in the
size of the zImage.
We also tested this patch on a commercially available single-board
computer, and the comparison is as follows:
a15eb_config
2161384 no dce
2092240 dce
3.2% shrink
The zImage size has been reduced by approximately 3.2%, which is 70KB on
2.1M.
Signed-off-by: Yuntao Liu <liuyuntao12@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Currently kernel entry in head.S is in DMW address range, firmware is
instructed to jump to this address after loading the kernel image.
However kernel should not make any assumption on firmware's DMW
setting, thus the entry point should be a physical address falls into
direct translation region.
Fix by converting entry address to physical and amend entry calculation
logic in libstub accordingly.
BTW, use ABSOLUTE() to calculate variables to make Clang/LLVM happy.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
When building ARCH=loongarch defconfig + CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC=y using
LLVM, there is a warning from ld.lld when linking the EFI zboot image
due to the use of unreachable() in number() in vsprintf.c:
ld.lld: warning: drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a(vsprintf.stub.o):(.discard.unreachable+0x0): has non-ABS relocation R_LARCH_32_PCREL against symbol ''
If the compiler cannot eliminate the default case for any reason, the
.discard.unreachable section will remain in the final binary but the
entire point of any section prefixed with .discard is that it is only
used at compile time, so it can be discarded via /DISCARD/ in a linker
script. The asm-generic vmlinux.lds.h includes .discard and .discard.*
in the COMMON_DISCARDS macro but that is not used for zboot.lds, as it
is not a kernel image linker script.
Add .discard and .discard.* to /DISCARD/ in zboot.lds, so that any
sections meant to be discarded at link time are not included in the
final zboot image. This issue is not specific to LoongArch, it is just
the first architecture to select CONFIG_OBJTOOL, which defines
annotate_unreachable() as an asm statement to add the
.discard.unreachable section, and use the EFI stub.
Closes: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/2023
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
- Followup fix for the EFI boot sequence refactor, which may result in
physical KASLR putting the kernel in a region which is being used for
a special purpose via a command line argument.
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Merge tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.10-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI fix from Ard Biesheuvel:
- Followup fix for the EFI boot sequence refactor, which may result in
physical KASLR putting the kernel in a region which is being used for
a special purpose via a command line argument.
* tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.10-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
x86/efistub: Omit physical KASLR when memory reservations exist
- Avoid 'constexpr', which is a keyword in C23
- Allow 'dtbs_check' and 'dt_compatible_check' run independently of
'dt_binding_check'
- Fix weak references to avoid GOT entries in position-independent
code generation
- Convert the last use of 'optional' property in arch/sh/Kconfig
- Remove support for the 'optional' property in Kconfig
- Remove support for Clang's ThinLTO caching, which does not work with
the .incbin directive
- Change the semantics of $(src) so it always points to the source
directory, which fixes Makefile inconsistencies between upstream and
downstream
- Fix 'make tar-pkg' for RISC-V to produce a consistent package
- Provide reasonable default coverage for objtool, sanitizers, and
profilers
- Remove redundant OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD, KASAN_SANITIZE, etc.
- Remove the last use of tristate choice in drivers/rapidio/Kconfig
- Various cleanups and fixes in Kconfig
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v6.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Avoid 'constexpr', which is a keyword in C23
- Allow 'dtbs_check' and 'dt_compatible_check' run independently of
'dt_binding_check'
- Fix weak references to avoid GOT entries in position-independent code
generation
- Convert the last use of 'optional' property in arch/sh/Kconfig
- Remove support for the 'optional' property in Kconfig
- Remove support for Clang's ThinLTO caching, which does not work with
the .incbin directive
- Change the semantics of $(src) so it always points to the source
directory, which fixes Makefile inconsistencies between upstream and
downstream
- Fix 'make tar-pkg' for RISC-V to produce a consistent package
- Provide reasonable default coverage for objtool, sanitizers, and
profilers
- Remove redundant OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD, KASAN_SANITIZE, etc.
- Remove the last use of tristate choice in drivers/rapidio/Kconfig
- Various cleanups and fixes in Kconfig
* tag 'kbuild-v6.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (46 commits)
kconfig: use sym_get_choice_menu() in sym_check_prop()
rapidio: remove choice for enumeration
kconfig: lxdialog: remove initialization with A_NORMAL
kconfig: m/nconf: merge two item_add_str() calls
kconfig: m/nconf: remove dead code to display value of bool choice
kconfig: m/nconf: remove dead code to display children of choice members
kconfig: gconf: show checkbox for choice correctly
kbuild: use GCOV_PROFILE and KCSAN_SANITIZE in scripts/Makefile.modfinal
Makefile: remove redundant tool coverage variables
kbuild: provide reasonable defaults for tool coverage
modules: Drop the .export_symbol section from the final modules
kconfig: use menu_list_for_each_sym() in sym_check_choice_deps()
kconfig: use sym_get_choice_menu() in conf_write_defconfig()
kconfig: add sym_get_choice_menu() helper
kconfig: turn defaults and additional prompt for choice members into error
kconfig: turn missing prompt for choice members into error
kconfig: turn conf_choice() into void function
kconfig: use linked list in sym_set_changed()
kconfig: gconf: use MENU_CHANGED instead of SYMBOL_CHANGED
kconfig: gconf: remove debug code
...
The legacy decompressor has elaborate logic to ensure that the
randomized physical placement of the decompressed kernel image does not
conflict with any memory reservations, including ones specified on the
command line using mem=, memmap=, efi_fake_mem= or hugepages=, which are
taken into account by the kernel proper at a later stage.
When booting in EFI mode, it is the firmware's job to ensure that the
chosen range does not conflict with any memory reservations that it
knows about, and this is trivially achieved by using the firmware's
memory allocation APIs.
That leaves reservations specified on the command line, though, which
the firmware knows nothing about, as these regions have no other special
significance to the platform. Since commit
a1b87d54f4 ("x86/efistub: Avoid legacy decompressor when doing EFI boot")
these reservations are not taken into account when randomizing the
physical placement, which may result in conflicts where the memory
cannot be reserved by the kernel proper because its own executable image
resides there.
To avoid having to duplicate or reuse the existing complicated logic,
disable physical KASLR entirely when such overrides are specified. These
are mostly diagnostic tools or niche features, and physical KASLR (as
opposed to virtual KASLR, which is much more important as it affects the
memory addresses observed by code executing in the kernel) is something
we can live without.
Closes: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/FA5F6719-8824-4B04-803E-82990E65E627%40akamai.com
Reported-by: Ben Chaney <bchaney@akamai.com>
Fixes: a1b87d54f4 ("x86/efistub: Avoid legacy decompressor when doing EFI boot")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.1+
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
- Additional cleanup by Tim for the efivarfs variable name length
confusion
- Avoid freeing a bogus pointer when virtual remapping is omitted in the
EFI boot stub
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Merge tag 'efi-next-for-v6.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI updates from Ard Biesheuvel:
"Only a handful of changes this cycle, consisting of cleanup work and a
low-prio bugfix:
- Additional cleanup by Tim for the efivarfs variable name length
confusion
- Avoid freeing a bogus pointer when virtual remapping is omitted in
the EFI boot stub"
* tag 'efi-next-for-v6.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
efi: libstub: only free priv.runtime_map when allocated
efi: Clear up misconceptions about a maximum variable name size
efivarfs: Remove unused internal struct members
Documentation: Mark the 'efivars' sysfs interface as removed
efi: pstore: Request at most 512 bytes for variable names
Now Kbuild provides reasonable defaults for objtool, sanitizers, and
profilers.
Remove redundant variables.
Note:
This commit changes the coverage for some objects:
- include arch/mips/vdso/vdso-image.o into UBSAN, GCOV, KCOV
- include arch/sparc/vdso/vdso-image-*.o into UBSAN
- include arch/sparc/vdso/vma.o into UBSAN
- include arch/x86/entry/vdso/extable.o into KASAN, KCSAN, UBSAN, GCOV, KCOV
- include arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-image-*.o into KASAN, KCSAN, UBSAN, GCOV, KCOV
- include arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso32-setup.o into KASAN, KCSAN, UBSAN, GCOV, KCOV
- include arch/x86/entry/vdso/vma.o into GCOV, KCOV
- include arch/x86/um/vdso/vma.o into KASAN, GCOV, KCOV
I believe these are positive effects because all of them are kernel
space objects.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com>
priv.runtime_map is only allocated when efi_novamap is not set.
Otherwise, it is an uninitialized value. In the error path, it is freed
unconditionally. Avoid passing an uninitialized value to free_pool.
Free priv.runtime_map only when it was allocated.
This bug was discovered and resolved using Coverity Static Analysis
Security Testing (SAST) by Synopsys, Inc.
Fixes: f80d26043a ("efi: libstub: avoid efi_get_memory_map() for allocating the virt map")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hagar Hemdan <hagarhem@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Commit
8117961d98fb2 ("x86/efi: Disregard setup header of loaded image")
dropped the memcopy of the image's setup header into the boot_params
struct provided to the core kernel, on the basis that EFI boot does not
need it and should rely only on a single protocol to interface with the
boot chain. It is also a prerequisite for being able to increase the
section alignment to 4k, which is needed to enable memory protections
when running in the boot services.
So only the setup_header fields that matter to the core kernel are
populated explicitly, and everything else is ignored. One thing was
overlooked, though: the initrd_addr_max field in the setup_header is not
used by the core kernel, but it is used by the EFI stub itself when it
loads the initrd, where its default value of INT_MAX is used as the soft
limit for memory allocation.
This means that, in the old situation, the initrd was virtually always
loaded in the lower 2G of memory, but now, due to initrd_addr_max being
0x0, the initrd may end up anywhere in memory. This should not be an
issue principle, as most systems can deal with this fine. However, it
does appear to tickle some problems in older UEFI implementations, where
the memory ends up being corrupted, resulting in errors when unpacking
the initramfs.
So set the initrd_addr_max field to INT_MAX like it was before.
Fixes: 8117961d98fb2 ("x86/efi: Disregard setup header of loaded image")
Reported-by: Radek Podgorny <radek@podgorny.cz>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/a99a831a-8ad5-4cb0-bff9-be637311f771@podgorny.cz
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Avoid a type mismatch warning in max() by switching to max_t() and
providing the type explicitly.
Fixes: 3cb4a48275 ("efi/libstub: fix efi_random_alloc() ...")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
- Fix logic that is supposed to prevent placement of the kernel image
below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR
- Use the firmware stack in the EFI stub when running in mixed mode
- Clear BSS only once when using mixed mode
- Check efi.get_variable() function pointer for NULL before trying to
call it
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Merge tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.9-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI fixes from Ard Biesheuvel:
- Fix logic that is supposed to prevent placement of the kernel image
below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR
- Use the firmware stack in the EFI stub when running in mixed mode
- Clear BSS only once when using mixed mode
- Check efi.get_variable() function pointer for NULL before trying to
call it
* tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.9-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
efi: fix panic in kdump kernel
x86/efistub: Don't clear BSS twice in mixed mode
x86/efistub: Call mixed mode boot services on the firmware's stack
efi/libstub: fix efi_random_alloc() to allocate memory at alloc_min or higher address
Clearing BSS should only be done once, at the very beginning.
efi_pe_entry() is the entrypoint from the firmware, which may not clear
BSS and so it is done explicitly. However, efi_pe_entry() is also used
as an entrypoint by the mixed mode startup code, in which case BSS will
already have been cleared, and doing it again at this point will corrupt
global variables holding the firmware's GDT/IDT and segment selectors.
So make the memset() conditional on whether the EFI stub is running in
native mode.
Fixes: b3810c5a2c ("x86/efistub: Clear decompressor BSS in native EFI entrypoint")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Following warning is sometimes observed while booting my servers:
[ 3.594838] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 3.602918] swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:10, mode:0xcc1(GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0-1
...
[ 3.851862] DMA: preallocated 1024 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocation
If 'nokaslr' boot option is set, the warning always happens.
On x86, ZONE_DMA is small zone at the first 16MB of physical address
space. When this problem happens, most of that space seems to be used by
decompressed kernel. Thereby, there is not enough space at DMA_ZONE to
meet the request of DMA pool allocation.
The commit 2f77465b05 ("x86/efistub: Avoid placing the kernel below
LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR") tried to fix this problem by introducing lower
bound of allocation.
But the fix is not complete.
efi_random_alloc() allocates pages by following steps.
1. Count total available slots ('total_slots')
2. Select a slot ('target_slot') to allocate randomly
3. Calculate a starting address ('target') to be included target_slot
4. Allocate pages, which starting address is 'target'
In step 1, 'alloc_min' is used to offset the starting address of memory
chunk. But in step 3 'alloc_min' is not considered at all. As the
result, 'target' can be miscalculated and become lower than 'alloc_min'.
When KASLR is disabled, 'target_slot' is always 0 and the problem
happens everytime if the EFI memory map of the system meets the
condition.
Fix this problem by calculating 'target' considering 'alloc_min'.
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Tom Englund <tomenglund26@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 2f77465b05 ("x86/efistub: Avoid placing the kernel below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR")
Signed-off-by: Kazuma Kondo <kazuma-kondo@nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
- Explicitly wipe BSS in the native EFI entrypoint, so that globals
shared with the legacy decompressor are zero-initialized correctly.
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Merge tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.9-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI fix from Ard Biesheuvel:
"This fixes an oversight on my part in the recent EFI stub rework for
x86, which is needed to get Linux/x86 distro builds signed again for
secure boot by Microsoft. For this reason, most of this work is being
backported to v6.1, which is therefore also affected by this
regression.
- Explicitly wipe BSS in the native EFI entrypoint, so that globals
shared with the legacy decompressor are zero-initialized correctly"
* tag 'efi-fixes-for-v6.9-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
x86/efistub: Clear decompressor BSS in native EFI entrypoint
The EFI stub on x86 no longer invokes the decompressor as a subsequent
boot stage, but calls into the decompression code directly while running
in the context of the EFI boot services.
This means that when using the native EFI entrypoint (as opposed to the
EFI handover protocol, which clears BSS explicitly), the firmware PE
image loader is being relied upon to ensure that BSS is zeroed before
the EFI stub is entered from the firmware.
As Radek's report proves, this is a bad idea. Not all loaders do this
correctly, which means some global variables that should be statically
initialized to 0x0 may have junk in them.
So clear BSS explicitly when entering via efi_pe_entry(). Note that
zeroing BSS from C code is not generally safe, but in this case, the
following assignment and dereference of a global pointer variable
ensures that the memset() cannot be deferred or reordered.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # v6.1+
Reported-by: Radek Podgorny <radek@podgorny.cz>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/a99a831a-8ad5-4cb0-bff9-be637311f771@podgorny.cz
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
heap optimizations".
- Kuan-Wei Chiu has also sped up the library sorting code in the series
"lib/sort: Optimize the number of swaps and comparisons".
- Alexey Gladkov has added the ability for code running within an IPC
namespace to alter its IPC and MQ limits. The series is "Allow to
change ipc/mq sysctls inside ipc namespace".
- Geert Uytterhoeven has contributed some dhrystone maintenance work in
the series "lib: dhry: miscellaneous cleanups".
- Ryusuke Konishi continues nilfs2 maintenance work in the series
"nilfs2: eliminate kmap and kmap_atomic calls"
"nilfs2: fix kernel bug at submit_bh_wbc()"
- Nathan Chancellor has updated our build tools requirements in the
series "Bump the minimum supported version of LLVM to 13.0.1".
- Muhammad Usama Anjum continues with the selftests maintenance work in
the series "selftests/mm: Improve run_vmtests.sh".
- Oleg Nesterov has done some maintenance work against the signal code
in the series "get_signal: minor cleanups and fix".
Plus the usual shower of singleton patches in various parts of the tree.
Please see the individual changelogs for details.
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Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2024-03-14-09-36' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- Kuan-Wei Chiu has developed the well-named series "lib min_heap: Min
heap optimizations".
- Kuan-Wei Chiu has also sped up the library sorting code in the series
"lib/sort: Optimize the number of swaps and comparisons".
- Alexey Gladkov has added the ability for code running within an IPC
namespace to alter its IPC and MQ limits. The series is "Allow to
change ipc/mq sysctls inside ipc namespace".
- Geert Uytterhoeven has contributed some dhrystone maintenance work in
the series "lib: dhry: miscellaneous cleanups".
- Ryusuke Konishi continues nilfs2 maintenance work in the series
"nilfs2: eliminate kmap and kmap_atomic calls"
"nilfs2: fix kernel bug at submit_bh_wbc()"
- Nathan Chancellor has updated our build tools requirements in the
series "Bump the minimum supported version of LLVM to 13.0.1".
- Muhammad Usama Anjum continues with the selftests maintenance work in
the series "selftests/mm: Improve run_vmtests.sh".
- Oleg Nesterov has done some maintenance work against the signal code
in the series "get_signal: minor cleanups and fix".
Plus the usual shower of singleton patches in various parts of the tree.
Please see the individual changelogs for details.
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2024-03-14-09-36' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (77 commits)
nilfs2: prevent kernel bug at submit_bh_wbc()
nilfs2: fix failure to detect DAT corruption in btree and direct mappings
ocfs2: enable ocfs2_listxattr for special files
ocfs2: remove SLAB_MEM_SPREAD flag usage
assoc_array: fix the return value in assoc_array_insert_mid_shortcut()
buildid: use kmap_local_page()
watchdog/core: remove sysctl handlers from public header
nilfs2: use div64_ul() instead of do_div()
mul_u64_u64_div_u64: increase precision by conditionally swapping a and b
kexec: copy only happens before uchunk goes to zero
get_signal: don't initialize ksig->info if SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT/group_exec_task
get_signal: hide_si_addr_tag_bits: fix the usage of uninitialized ksig
get_signal: don't abuse ksig->info.si_signo and ksig->sig
const_structs.checkpatch: add device_type
Normalise "name (ad@dr)" MODULE_AUTHORs to "name <ad@dr>"
dyndbg: replace kstrdup() + strchr() with kstrdup_and_replace()
list: leverage list_is_head() for list_entry_is_head()
nilfs2: MAINTAINERS: drop unreachable project mirror site
smp: make __smp_processor_id() 0-argument macro
fat: fix uninitialized field in nostale filehandles
...
- Measure initrd and command line using the CC protocol if the ordinary
TCG2 protocol is not implemented, typically on TDX confidential VMs
- Avoid creating mappings that are both writable and executable while
running in the EFI boot services. This is a prerequisite for getting
the x86 shim loader signed by MicroSoft again, which allows the
distros to install on x86 PCs that ship with EFI secure boot enabled.
- API update for struct platform_driver::remove()
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Merge tag 'efi-next-for-v6.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi
Pull EFI updates from Ard Biesheuvel:
- Measure initrd and command line using the CC protocol if the ordinary
TCG2 protocol is not implemented, typically on TDX confidential VMs
- Avoid creating mappings that are both writable and executable while
running in the EFI boot services. This is a prerequisite for getting
the x86 shim loader signed by MicroSoft again, which allows the
distros to install on x86 PCs that ship with EFI secure boot enabled.
- API update for struct platform_driver::remove()
* tag 'efi-next-for-v6.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi:
virt: efi_secret: Convert to platform remove callback returning void
x86/efistub: Remap kernel text read-only before dropping NX attribute
efi/libstub: Add get_event_log() support for CC platforms
efi/libstub: Measure into CC protocol if TCG2 protocol is absent
efi/libstub: Add Confidential Computing (CC) measurement typedefs
efi/tpm: Use symbolic GUID name from spec for final events table
efi/libstub: Use TPM event typedefs from the TCG PC Client spec
Currently, the EFI stub invokes the EFI memory attributes protocol to
strip any NX restrictions from the entire loaded kernel, resulting in
all code and data being mapped read-write-execute.
The point of the EFI memory attributes protocol is to remove the need
for all memory allocations to be mapped with both write and execute
permissions by default, and make it the OS loader's responsibility to
transition data mappings to code mappings where appropriate.
Even though the UEFI specification does not appear to leave room for
denying memory attribute changes based on security policy, let's be
cautious and avoid relying on the ability to create read-write-execute
mappings. This is trivially achievable, given that the amount of kernel
code executing via the firmware's 1:1 mapping is rather small and
limited to the .head.text region. So let's drop the NX restrictions only
on that subregion, but not before remapping it as read-only first.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
To allow event log info access after boot, EFI boot stub extracts
the event log information and installs it in an EFI configuration
table. Currently, EFI boot stub only supports installation of event
log only for TPM 1.2 and TPM 2.0 protocols. Extend the same support
for CC protocol. Since CC platform also uses TCG2 format, reuse TPM2
support code as much as possible.
Link: https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/38_Confidential_Computing.html#efi-cc-measurement-protocol [1]
Signed-off-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0229a87e-fb19-4dad-99fc-4afd7ed4099a%40collabora.com
[ardb: Split out final events table handling to avoid version confusion]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
To accommodate confidential compute VMs that expose the simplified CC
measurement protocol instead of the full-blown TCG2 one, fall back to
the former if the latter does not exist.
The CC protocol was designed to be used in this manner, which is why the
types and prototypes have been kept the same where possible. So reuse
the existing code, and only deviate from the TCG2 code path where
needed.
Reviewed-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
If the virtual firmware implements TPM support, TCG2 protocol will be
used for kernel measurements and event logging support. But in CC
environment, not all platforms support or enable the TPM feature. UEFI
specification [1] exposes protocol and interfaces used for kernel
measurements in CC platforms without TPM support.
More details about the EFI CC measurements and logging can be found
in [1].
Link: https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/38_Confidential_Computing.html#efi-cc-measurement-protocol [1]
Signed-off-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
[ardb: Drop code changes, keep typedefs and #define's only]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The LINUX_EFI_ GUID identifiers are only intended to be used to refer to
GUIDs that are part of the Linux implementation, and are not considered
external ABI. (Famous last words).
GUIDs that already have a symbolic name in the spec should use that
name, to avoid confusion between firmware components. So use the
official name EFI_TCG2_FINAL_EVENTS_TABLE_GUID for the TCG2 'final
events' configuration table.
Reviewed-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Our efi_tcg2_tagged_event is not defined in the EFI spec, but it is not
a local invention either: it was taken from the TCG PC Client spec,
where it is called TCG_PCClientTaggedEvent.
Note that this spec also contains some guidance on how to populate it,
which is not being followed closely at the moment; it claims that the
event size should cover the TCG_PCClientTaggedEvent and its payload
only, but it currently covers the preceding efi_tcg2_event too.
However, this directly contradicts the TCG EFI protocol specification,
which states very clearly that the event size should cover the entire
data structure, including the leading efi_tcg2_event_t struct.
So rename the struct and document its provenance, but retain the
existing logic to populate the size field.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240308085754.476197-8-ardb+git@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The early SME/SEV code parses the command line very early, in order to
decide whether or not memory encryption should be enabled, which needs
to occur even before the initial page tables are created.
This is problematic for a number of reasons:
- this early code runs from the 1:1 mapping provided by the decompressor
or firmware, which uses a different translation than the one assumed by
the linker, and so the code needs to be built in a special way;
- parsing external input while the entire kernel image is still mapped
writable is a bad idea in general, and really does not belong in
security minded code;
- the current code ignores the built-in command line entirely (although
this appears to be the case for the entire decompressor)
Given that the decompressor/EFI stub is an intrinsic part of the x86
bootable kernel image, move the command line parsing there and out of
the core kernel. This removes the need to build lib/cmdline.o in a
special way, or to use RIP-relative LEA instructions in inline asm
blocks.
This involves a new xloadflag in the setup header to indicate
that mem_encrypt=on appeared on the kernel command line.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240227151907.387873-17-ardb+git@google.com
Parse the mem_encrypt= command line parameter from the EFI stub if
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT=y, so that it can be passed to the early
boot code by the arch code in the stub.
This avoids the need for the core kernel to do any string parsing very
early in the boot.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240227151907.387873-16-ardb+git@google.com
LLVM moved their issue tracker from their own Bugzilla instance to GitHub
issues. While all of the links are still valid, they may not necessarily
show the most up to date information around the issues, as all updates
will occur on GitHub, not Bugzilla.
Another complication is that the Bugzilla issue number is not always the
same as the GitHub issue number. Thankfully, LLVM maintains this mapping
through two shortlinks:
https://llvm.org/bz<num> -> https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=<num>
https://llvm.org/pr<num> -> https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/<mapped_num>
Switch all "https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=<num>" links to the
"https://llvm.org/pr<num>" shortlink so that the links show the most up to
date information. Each migrated issue links back to the Bugzilla entry,
so there should be no loss of fidelity of information here.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240109-update-llvm-links-v1-3-eb09b59db071@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Mykola Lysenko <mykolal@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Add the description of @memory_type to silence the warning:
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/alignedmem.c:27: warning: Function parameter or struct member 'memory_type' not described in 'efi_allocate_pages_aligned'
Signed-off-by: Yang Li <yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com>
[ardb: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The EFI stub's kernel placement logic randomizes the physical placement
of the kernel by taking all available memory into account, and picking a
region at random, based on a random seed.
When KASLR is disabled, this seed is set to 0x0, and this results in the
lowest available region of memory to be selected for loading the kernel,
even if this is below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR. Some of this memory is
typically reserved for the GFP_DMA region, to accommodate masters that
can only access the first 16 MiB of system memory.
Even if such devices are rare these days, we may still end up with a
warning in the kernel log, as reported by Tom:
swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:10, mode:0xcc1(GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0
Fix this by tweaking the random allocation logic to accept a low bound
on the placement, and set it to LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR.
Fixes: a1b87d54f4 ("x86/efistub: Avoid legacy decompressor when doing EFI boot")
Reported-by: Tom Englund <tomenglund26@gmail.com>
Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218404
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The recently introduced EFI memory attributes protocol should be used
if it exists to ensure that the memory allocation created for the kernel
permits execution. This is needed for compatibility with tightened
requirements related to Windows logo certification for x86 PCs.
Currently, we simply strip the execute protect (XP) attribute from the
entire range, but this might be rejected under some firmware security
policies, and so in a subsequent patch, this will be changed to only
strip XP from the executable region that runs early, and make it
read-only (RO) as well.
In order to catch any issues early, ensure that the memory attribute
protocol works as intended, and give up if it produces spurious errors.
Note that the DXE services based fallback was always based on best
effort, so don't propagate any errors returned by that API.
Fixes: a1b87d54f4 ("x86/efistub: Avoid legacy decompressor when doing EFI boot")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The EFI stub makefile contains logic to ensure that the objects that
make up the stub do not contain relocations that require runtime fixups
(typically to account for the runtime load address of the executable)
On RISC-V, we also avoid GP based relocations, as they require that GP
is assigned the correct base in the startup code, which is not
implemented in the EFI stub.
So add these relocation types to the grep expression that is used to
carry out this check.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/42c63cb9-87d0-49db-9af8-95771b186684%40siemens.com
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
