wine/documentation/debugging

This file describes where to start debugging Wine and how to write
useful bug reports.

To avoid debugging
==================

Sometimes you can bring applications to run by using some of the
native Windows DLL's, together with Wine. Here are some Tips by
Juergen Schmied on how to proceed. This assumes that your C:\windows
directory in the configuration file does not point to a native Windows
installation but is in a separate Unix file system. (For instance,
C:\windows is really /home/ego/wine/drives/c).

- Create empty C:\windows and C:\windows\system directories.
  Do not point Wine to a Windows directory full of old installations
  and a messy registry. (Wine creates a special registry in your home
  directory, in $HOME/.wine/*.reg. Perhaps you have to remove these
  files).
- Run the application with   -debugmsg +module,+file   to find out
  which files are needed. Copy the required DLL's one by one to the
  C:\windows\system directory.
- Note that some network DLL's are not needed even though Wine is
  looking for them. Do not copy the MPR.DLL into the directory,
  use the internal implementation.
- Copy SHELL/SHELL32 and COMDLG/COMDLG32 COMMCTRL/COMCTL32
  only as pairs to your Wine directory (these DLL's are
  "clean" to use)
- Be consistent: Use only DLLS from the same Windows version
  together.
- Put regedit.exe in the C:\windows directory (office95 imports
  a *.reg file when it runs with a empty registry, don't know
  about office97).


Crashes
=======

  These usually show up like this:

|Unexpected Windows program segfault - opcode = 8b
|Segmentation fault in Windows program 1b7:c41.
|Loading symbols from ELF file /root/wine/wine...
|....more Loading symbols from ...
|In 16 bit mode.
|Register dump:
| CS:01b7 SS:016f DS:0287 ES:0000
| IP:0c41 SP:878a BP:8796 FLAGS:0246
| AX:811e BX:0000 CX:0000 DX:0000 SI:0001 DI:ffff
|Stack dump:
|0x016f:0x878a:  0001 016f ffed 0000 0000 0287 890b 1e5b
|0x016f:0x879a:  01b7 0001 000d 1050 08b7 016f 0001 000d
|0x016f:0x87aa:  000a 0003 0004 0000 0007 0007 0190 0000
|0x016f:0x87ba:
|
|0050: sel=0287 base=40211d30 limit=0b93f (bytes) 16-bit rw-
|Backtrace:
|0 0x01b7:0x0c41 (PXSRV_FONGETFACENAME+0x7c)
|1 0x01b7:0x1e5b (PXSRV_FONPUTCATFONT+0x2cd)
|2 0x01a7:0x05aa
|3 0x01b7:0x0768 (PXSRV_FONINITFONTS+0x81)
|4 0x014f:0x03ed (PDOXWIN_@SQLCURCB$Q6CBTYPEULN8CBSCTYPE+0x1b1)
|5 0x013f:0x00ac
|
|0x01b7:0x0c41 (PXSRV_FONGETFACENAME+0x7c):  movw        %es:0x38(%bx),%dx

Steps to debug a crash. You may stop at any step, but please report the bug
and provide as much of the information gathered to the newsgroup or the
relevant developer as feasonable.
  
 1. Get the reason for the crash. This is usually an access to an invalid
    selector, an access to an out of range address in a valid selector,
    popping a segmentregister from the stack or the like. When reporting a
    crash, report this WHOLE crashdump even if it doesn't make sense to you.

    (In this case it is access to an invalid selector, for %es is 0000, as
    seen in the register dump).
    
 2. Determine where the reason came from.
    Since this is usually a primary/secondary reaction to a failed or
    misbehaving Wine function, rerun Wine with "-debugmsg +relay" (without ")
    added to the commandline. This will get rather much output, but usually
    the reason is located in the last call(s).  Those lines usually look like
    this:

|Call KERNEL.90: LSTRLEN(0227:0692 "text") ret=01e7:2ce7 ds=0227
      ^^^^^^^^^  ^       ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^      ^^^^^^^^^    ^^^^
      |          |       |         |           |            |Datasegment
      |          |       |         |           |Return address
      |          |       |         |textual parameter
      |          |       |
      |          |       |Argument(s). This one is a win16 segmented pointer.
      |          |Function called.
      |The module, the function is called in. In this case it is KERNEL.
		        
|Ret  KERNEL.90: LSTRLEN() retval=0x0004 ret=01e7:2ce7 ds=0227
                                  ^^^^^^
				  |Returnvalue is 16 bit and has the value 4.


 3. If you have found a misbehaving function, try to find out why it
    misbehaves. Find the function in the source code. Try to make sense of
    the arguments passed. Usually there is a 'TRACE(<channel>,"(...)\n");' 
    at the beginning of the function. Rerun wine with 
    "-debugmsg +xyz,+relay" added to the commandline.

 4. Additional information on how to debug using the internal debugger can be 
    found in debugger/README.

 5. If those information isn't clear enough or if you want to know more about
    what's happening in the function itself, try running wine with "-debugmsg
    +all", which dumps ALL included debug information in wine.

 6. If that isn't enough add more debug output for yourself into the
    functions you find relevant.  See documentation/debug-msgs.
    You might also try to run the program in gdb instead of using the
    WINE-debugger. If you don't use the "-desktop" or "-managed" option,
    start the WINE process with "-sync", or chances are good to get X into
    an unusable state.
  
 7. You can also set a breakpoint for that function. Start wine with the
    "-debug" option added to the commandline. After loading the executable
    wine will enter the internal debugger. Use "break KERNEL_LSTRLEN"
    (replace by function you want to debug, CASE IS RELEVANT.) to set a
    breakpoint.  Then use "continue" to start normal program-execution. Wine
    will stop if it reaches the breakpoint. If the program isn't yet at the
    crashing call of that function, use "continue" again until you are about
    to enter that function. You may now proceed with single-stepping the
    function until you reach the point of crash. Use the other debugger
    commands to print registers and the like.


Program hangs, nothing happens
==============================

  Switch to UNIX shell, get the process-ID using "ps -a|grep wine", and do a
  "kill -HUP <pid>" (without " and <>). Wine will then enter its internal
  debugger and you can proceed as explained above. Also, you can use -debug
  switch and then you can get into internal debugger by pressing Ctrl-C in 
  the terminal where you run Wine.

Program reports an error with a Messagebox
==========================================

  Sometimes programs are reporting failure using a more or less nondescript
  messageboxes. We can debug this using the same method as Crashes, but there
  is one problem... For setting up a message box the program also calls Wine
  producing huge chunks of debug code.

  Since the failure happens usually directly before setting up the Messagebox
  you can start wine with "-debug" added to the commandline, set a breakpoint
  at "MessageBox32A" (called by win16 and win32 programs) and proceed with
  "continue". With "-debugmsg +all" Wine will now stop directly before 
  setting up the Messagebox.  Proceed as explained above.

  You can also run wine using "wine -debugmsg +relay program.exe 2>&1|less -i"
  and in less search for messagebox.

Disassembling programs:
=======================
  You may also try to disassemble the offending program to check for 
  undocumented features and/or use of them.

  The best, freely available, disassembler for Win16 programs is
  Windows Codeback, archivename wcbxxx.zip, which usually can be found
  in the Cica-Mirror subdirectory on the WINE ftpsites. (See ANNOUNCE).
  Disassembling win32 programs is possible using the Windows Disassembler 32,
  archivename something like w32dasm.zip on ftp.winsite.com and mirrors.
  The shareware version does not allow saving of disassembly listings.

  [It also has a bug, it disassembles the dll and immediately after that
   crashes, leaving a very large file caled 'winsys' in the directory of the
   disassembled file. This file contains nothing of value (just the disassembly)
   and can be safely deleted.]

  Understanding disassembled code is just a question of exercise.

  Most code out there uses standard C function entries (for it is usually 
  written in C). Win16 function entries usually look like that:
|  	push bp
|	mov bp, sp
|	... function code ..
|	retf XXXX 	<--------- XXXX is number of bytes of arguments

  This is a FAR function with no local storage. The arguments usually start
  at [bp+6] with increasing offsets. Note, that [bp+6] belongs to the RIGHTMOST 
  argument, for exported win16 functions use the PASCAL calling convention.
  So, if we use strcmp(a,b) with a and b both 32 bit variables b would be at
  [bp+6] and a at [bp+10].
  Most functions make also use of local storage in the stackframe:
|	enter 0086, 00
|	... function code ...
|	leave
|	retf XXXX
  This does mostly the same as above, but also adds 0x86 bytes of
  stackstorage, which is accessed using [bp-xx].
  Before calling a function, arguments are pushed on the stack using something
  like this:
|	push word ptr [bp-02]	<- will be at [bp+8]
|	push di			<- will be at [bp+6]
|	call KERNEL.LSTRLEN
  Here first the selector and then the offset to the passed string are pushed.

Sample debugging session:
=========================

  Let's debug the infamous Word SHARE.EXE messagebox: 

|marcus@jet $ wine winword.exe
|            +---------------------------------------------+
|            | !  You must leave Windows and load SHARE.EXE|
|            |    before starting Word.                    |
|            +---------------------------------------------+


|marcus@jet $ wine winword.exe -debugmsg +relay -debug
|CallTo32(wndproc=0x40065bc0,hwnd=000001ac,msg=00000081,wp=00000000,lp=00000000)
|Win16 task 'winword': Breakpoint 1 at 0x01d7:0x001a
|CallTo16(func=0127:0070,ds=0927)
|Call WPROCS.24: TASK_RESCHEDULE() ret=00b7:1456 ds=0927
|Ret  WPROCS.24: TASK_RESCHEDULE() retval=0x8672 ret=00b7:1456 ds=0927
|CallTo16(func=01d7:001a,ds=0927)
|     AX=0000 BX=3cb4 CX=1f40 DX=0000 SI=0000 DI=0927 BP=0000 ES=11f7
|Loading symbols: /home/marcus/wine/wine...
|Stopped on breakpoint 1 at 0x01d7:0x001a
|In 16 bit mode.
|Wine-dbg>break MessageBox32A                          <---- Set Breakpoint
|Breakpoint 2 at 0x40189100 (MessageBox32A [msgbox.c:190])
|Wine-dbg>c                                            <---- Continue
|Call KERNEL.91: INITTASK() ret=0157:0022 ds=08a7
|     AX=0000 BX=3cb4 CX=1f40 DX=0000 SI=0000 DI=08a7 ES=11d7 EFL=00000286
|CallTo16(func=090f:085c,ds=0dcf,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x0800,0x0000,0x0000,0x0dcf)
|...                                                   <----- Much debugoutput
|Call KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE(0x0000) ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                               ^^^^^^ Drive 0 (A:)
|Ret  KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE() retval=0x0002 ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                                        ^^^^^^  DRIVE_REMOVEABLE
						(It is a floppy diskdrive.)

|Call KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE(0x0001) ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                               ^^^^^^ Drive 1 (B:)
|Ret  KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE() retval=0x0000 ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                                        ^^^^^^  DRIVE_CANNOTDETERMINE
						(I don't have drive B: assigned)

|Call KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE(0x0002) ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                               ^^^^^^^ Drive 2 (C:)
|Ret  KERNEL.136: GETDRIVETYPE() retval=0x0003 ret=060f:097b ds=0927
                                        ^^^^^^ DRIVE_FIXED
                                               (specified as a harddisk)

|Call KERNEL.97: GETTEMPFILENAME(0x00c3,0x09278364"doc",0x0000,0927:8248) ret=060f:09b1 ds=0927
                                 ^^^^^^           ^^^^^        ^^^^^^^^^
                                 |                |            |buffer for fname
                                 |                |temporary name ~docXXXX.tmp
                                 |Force use of Drive C:.

|Warning: GetTempFileName returns 'C:~doc9281.tmp', which doesn't seem to be writeable.
|Please check your configuration file if this generates a failure.

Whoops, it even detects that something is wrong!

|Ret  KERNEL.97: GETTEMPFILENAME() retval=0x9281 ret=060f:09b1 ds=0927
                                          ^^^^^^ Temporary storage ID

|Call KERNEL.74: OPENFILE(0x09278248"C:~doc9281.tmp",0927:82da,0x1012) ret=060f:09d8 ds=0927
                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^
                                    |filename        |OFSTRUCT |open mode:

                                       OF_CREATE|OF_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE|OF_READWRITE

This fails, since my C: drive is in this case mounted readonly.

|Ret  KERNEL.74: OPENFILE() retval=0xffff ret=060f:09d8 ds=0927
                                   ^^^^^^ HFILE_ERROR16, yes, it failed.

|Call USER.1: MESSAGEBOX(0x0000,0x09278376"Sie m<>ssen Windows verlassen und SHARE.EXE laden bevor Sie Word starten.",0x00000000,0x1030) ret=060f:084f ds=0927
           
And MessageBox'ed.

|Stopped on breakpoint 2 at 0x40189100 (MessageBox32A [msgbox.c:190])
|190     {		<- the sourceline
In 32 bit mode.
Wine-dbg>

	The code seems to find a writeable harddisk and tries to create a file
	there. To work around this bug, you can define C: as a networkdrive,
	which is ignored by the code above.

Written by Marcus Meissner <msmeissn@cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
additions welcome.
-------

Here are some useful debugging tips, added by Andreas Mohr:


a) If you have a program crashing at such an early loader phase that you can't
use the Wine debugger normally, but Wine already executes the program's
start code, then you may use a special trick:
You should do a
wine -debugmsg +relay program
to get a listing of the functions the program calls in its start function.
Now you do a
wine -debug winfile.exe
This way, you get into Wine-dbg. Now you can set a breakpoint on any
function the program calls in the start function and just type "c" to bypass
the eventual calls of Winfile to this function until you are finally at the
place where this function gets called by the crashing start function.
Now you can proceed with your debugging as usual.


b) If you try to run a program and it quits after showing an error messagebox,
the problem can usually be identified in the return value of one of the
functions executed before MessageBox().
That's why you should re-run the program with e.g.
wine -debugmsg +relay <program name> &>relmsg
Then do a "more relmsg" and search for the last occurrence of a call to the string "MESSAGEBOX".
This is a line like
Call USER.1: MESSAGEBOX(0x0000,0x01ff1246 "Runtime error 219 at 0004:1056.",0x00000000,0x1010) ret=01f7:2160 ds=01ff

In my example the lines before the call to MessageBox() look like that:

Call KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY(0x0347) ret=01cf:1033 ds=01ff
CallTo16(func=033f:0072,ds=01ff,0x0000)
Ret  KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY() retval=0x0001 ret=01cf:1033 ds=01ff
Call KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY(0x036f) ret=01cf:1043 ds=01ff
CallTo16(func=0367:0072,ds=01ff,0x0000)
Ret  KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY() retval=0x0001 ret=01cf:1043 ds=01ff
Call KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY(0x031f) ret=01cf:105c ds=01ff
CallTo16(func=0317:0072,ds=01ff,0x0000)
Ret  KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY() retval=0x0001 ret=01cf:105c ds=01ff
Call USER.171: WINHELP(0x02ac,0x01ff05b4 "COMET.HLP",0x0002,0x00000000) ret=01cf:1070 ds=01ff
CallTo16(func=0117:0080,ds=01ff)
Call WPROCS.24: TASK_RESCHEDULE() ret=00a7:0a2d ds=002b
Ret  WPROCS.24: TASK_RESCHEDULE() retval=0x0000 ret=00a7:0a2d ds=002b
Ret  USER.171: WINHELP() retval=0x0001 ret=01cf:1070 ds=01ff
Call KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY(0x01be) ret=01df:3e29 ds=01ff
Ret  KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY() retval=0x0000 ret=01df:3e29 ds=01ff
Call KERNEL.52: FREEPROCINSTANCE(0x02cf00ba) ret=01f7:1460 ds=01ff
Ret  KERNEL.52: FREEPROCINSTANCE() retval=0x0001 ret=01f7:1460 ds=01ff
Call USER.1: MESSAGEBOX(0x0000,0x01ff1246 "Runtime error 219 at 0004:1056.",0x00000000,0x1010) ret=01f7:2160 ds=01ff

I think that the call to MessageBox() in this example is _not_ caused by a wrong result value of some previously executed function (it's happening quite often like that), but instead the messagebox complains about a runtime error at 0x0004:0x1056.
As the segment value of the address is only "4", I think that that is only an internal program value. But the offset address reveals something quite interesting:
Offset 1056 is _very_ close to the return address of FREELIBRARY():

Call KERNEL.96: FREELIBRARY(0x031f) ret=01cf:105c ds=01ff
                                             ^^^^
Provided that segment 0x0004 is indeed segment 0x1cf, we now we can use IDA (available at ftp://ftp.uni-koeln.de/pc/msdos/programming/assembler/ida35bx.zip) to
disassemble the part that caused the error. We just have to find the address of
the call to FreeLibrary(). Some lines before that the runtime error occurred.
But be careful ! In some cases you don't have to disassemble the main program, but instead some DLL called by it in order to find the correct place where the runtime error occurred. That can be determined by finding the origin of the segment value (in this case 0x1cf).

c) If you have created a relay file of some crashing program and want to set a
breakpoint at a certain location which is not yet available as the
program loads the breakpoint's segment during execution,
you may set a breakpoint to GetVersion16/32 as those functions are called
very often.
Then do a "c" until you are able to set this breakpoint without error message.

d) Some useful programs:
IDA: ftp://ftp.uni-koeln.de/pc/msdos/programming/assembler/ida35bx.zip
*Very* good DOS disassembler ! It's badly needed for debugging Wine sometimes.

XRAY: ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/machines/ms-dos/SimTel/msdos/asmutil/xray15.zip
Traces DOS calls (Int 21h, DPMI, ...). Use it with Windows to correct
file management problems etc.

pedump: http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/simtelnet/win95/prog/pedump.zip
Dumps the imports and exports of a PE (Portable Executable) DLL.


Some basic debugger usages:
===========================

After starting you program with
  wine -debug myprog.exe
the program loads and you get a prompt at the program starting point.
Then you can set breakpoints:
  b RoutineName      (by outine name) OR
  b *0x812575        (by address)
Then you hit 'c' (continue) to run the program. It stops at
the breakpoint. You can type
  step               (to step one line) OR
  stepi              (to step one machine instruction at a time;
                      here, it helps to know the basic 386
                      instruction set)
  info reg           (to see registers)
  info stack         (to see hex values in the stack)
  info local         (to see local variables)
  list <line number> (to list source code)
  x <variable name>  (to examine a variable; only works if code
                      is not compiled with optimization)
  x 0x4269978        (to examine a memory location)
  ?                  (help)
  q                  (quit)
By hitting Enter, you repeat the last command.